時間：2011-04-18 00:50來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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NOTE. 1.Other IFR traffic for the airport where the clearance is issued is suspended until the aircraft has contacted ATC or until 30 minutes after the clearance void time or 30 minutes after the clearance release time if no clearance void time is issued. 2.Pilots who depart at or after their clearance void time are not afforded IFR separation and may be in violation of 14 CFR Section 91.173 which requires that pilots receive an appropriate ATC clearance before operating IFR in controlled airspace. EXAMPLE. Clearance void if not off by (clearance void time) and, if re-quired, if not off by (clearance void time) advise (facility) not later than (time) of intentions. 2. Hold for Release. ATC may issue “hold for release” instructions in a clearance to delay an air-craft’s departure for traffic management reasons (i.e., weather, traffic volume, etc.). When ATC states in the clearance, “hold for release,” the pilot may not depart utilizing that IFR clearance until a release time or additional instructions are issued by ATC. In addi-tion, ATC will include departure delay information in conjunction with “hold for release” instructions. The ATC instruction, “hold for release,” applies to the IFR clearance and does not prevent the pilot from depart-ing under VFR. However, prior to takeoff the pilot should cancel the IFR flight plan and operate the transponder on the appropriate VFR code. An IFR clearance may not be available after departure. EXAMPLE. (Aircraft identification) cleared to (destination) airport as filed, maintain (altitude), and, if required (additional in-structions or information), hold for release, expect (time in hours and/or minutes) departure delay. 3. Release Times. A “release time” is a depar-ture restriction issued to a pilot by ATC, specifying the earliest time an aircraft may depart. ATC will use “release times” in conjunction with traffic manage-ment procedures and/or to separate a departing aircraft from other traffic. EXAMPLE. (Aircraft identification) released for departure at (time in hours and/or minutes). 5.2.4 Departure Procedures 4. Expect Departure Clearance Time (EDCT). The EDCT is the runway release time assigned to an aircraft included in traffic management programs. Aircraft are expected to depart no earlier than 5 minutes before, and no later than 5 minutes af-ter the EDCT. b. If practical, pilots departing uncontrolled air-ports should obtain IFR clearances prior to becoming airborne when two-way communications with the controlling ATC facility is available. 5.2.7. Departure Control a.Departure Control is an approach control func-tion responsible for ensuring separation between departures. So as to expedite the handling of depar-tures, Departure Control may suggest a takeoff direction other than that which may normally have been used under VFR handling. Many times it is pre-ferred to offer the pilot a runway that will require the fewest turns after takeoff to place the pilot on course or selected departure route as quickly as possible. At many locations particular attention is paid to the use of preferential runways for local noise abatement pro-grams, and route departures away from congested areas. b.Departure Control utilizing radar will normally clear aircraft out of the terminal area using DPs via ra-dio navigation aids. When a departure is to be vectored immediately following takeoff, the pilot will be advised prior to takeoff of the initial heading to be flown but may not be advised of the purpose of the heading. Pilots operating in a radar environment are expected to associate departure headings with vectors to their planned route or flight. When given a vector taking the aircraft off a previously assigned nonradar route, the pilot will be advised briefly what the vector is to achieve. Thereafter, radar service will be provided until the aircraft has been reestablished “on-course” using an appropriate navigation aid and the pilot has been advised of the aircraft’s position or a handoff is made to another radar controller with fur-ther surveillance capabilities. c.Controllers will inform pilots of the departure control frequencies and, if appropriate, the trans-ponder code before takeoff. Pilots should not operate their transponder until ready to start the takeoff roll, except at ASDE.X facilities where transponders should be transmitting “on” with altitude reporting AIM continuously while operating on the airport surface if so equipped. Pilots should not change to the departure control frequency until requested. Controllers may omit the departure control frequency if a DP has or will be assigned and the departure control frequency is published on the DP. 5.2.8. Instrument Departure Procedures (DP) . Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP) and Standard Instrument Departures (SID)Instrument departure procedures are preplanned in-strument flight rule (IFR) procedures which provide obstruction clearance from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. There are two types of DPs, Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODPs), printed either textually or graphically, and Standard Instru-ment Departures (SIDs), always printed graphically. All DPs, either textual or graphic may be designed us-ing either conventional or RNAV criteria. RNAV procedures will have RNAV printed in the title, e.g., SHEAD TWO DEPARTURE (RNAV). ODPs provide obstruction clearance via the least onerous route from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. ODPs are recommended for obstruc-tion clearance and may be flown without ATC clearance unless an alternate departure procedure (SID or radar vector) has been specifically assigned by ATC. Graphic ODPs will have (OBSTACLE) printed in the procedure title, e.g., GEYSR THREE DEPARTURE (OBSTACLE), or, CROWN ONE DEPARTURE (RNAV) (OBSTACLE). Standard In-strument Departures are air traffic control (ATC) procedures printed for pilot/controller use in graphic form to provide obstruction clearance and a transition from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. SIDs are primarily designed for system en-hancement and to reduce pilot/controller workload. ATC clearance must be received prior to flying a SID. All DPs provide the pilot with a way to depart the air-port and transition to the en route structure safely. Pilots operating under 14 CFR Part 91 are strongly encouraged to file and fly a DP at night, during mar-ginal Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) and Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC), when one is available. The following paragraphs will pro-vide an overview of the DP program, why DPs are developed, what criteria are used, where to find them, how they are to be flown, and finally pilot and ATC responsibilities. |
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