United States Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP).
Booklets published in regional format by the NACO that include DPs, STARs, IAPs, and other information pertinent to IFR . ight.
Unusual attitude. An unintentional, unanticipated, or extreme aircraft attitude.
User-defined waypoints. Waypoint location and other data which may be input by the user, this is the only GPS database information that may be altered (edited) by the user.
Variation. Compass error caused by the difference in the physical locations of the magnetic north pole and the geographic north pole.
VASI. See visual approach slope indicator.
VDP. See visual descent point.
Vectoring. Navigational guidance by assigning headings.
Venturi tube. A specially shaped tube attached to the outside of an aircraft to produce suction to allow proper operation of gyro instruments.
Vertical speed indicator (VSI). A rate-of-pressure change instrument that gives an indication of any deviation from a constant pressure level.
Very-high frequency (VHF). A band of radio frequencies falling between 30 and 300 MHz.

Very-high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR).
Electronic navigation equipment in which the . ight deck instrument identi.es the radial or line from the VOR station, measured in degrees clockwise from magnetic north, along which the aircraft is located.
Vestibule. The central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear, or the parts of the membranous labyrinth that it contains.
VFR. See visual . ight rules.
VFR-on-top. ATC authorization for an IFR aircraft to operate in VFR conditions at any appropriate VFR altitude.
VFR over-the-top. A VFR operation in which an aircraft operates in VFR conditions on top of an undercast.
Victor airways. Airways based on a centerline that extends from one VOR or VORTAC navigation aid or intersection, to another navigation aid (or through several navigation aids or intersections); used to establish a known route for en route procedures between terminal areas.